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2CONVERT MANUAL FILE 1.1 Welcome to 2Convert 1.2 Registration Gives You .. 1.3 A note about Shareware 1.4 A note about use after Licence Expiry 1.5 A note about Go Software 1.6 Go Software - ASP Members 1.7 Disclaimer & Usage Agreement 1.8 2Convert - A Shareware Product 1.9 AMS - Novell Compatible Menu System 1.10 AutoMan 2.1 A note about accuracy. 2.2 Expression evaluation 2.3 File information 2.4 Future Developments 2.5 Mathematical conventions 2.6 Powers of Units 2.7 Standard Units 3.1 Convert Figures Menu 3.2 Dimentional Analysis 3.3 Revise Exchange Rates 3.4 Set Defaults Menu 3.5 2Convert Information Menu 3.6 Calculator [Ctrl-C] 3.7 Help menu [F1] 3.8 Exit program [Esc] [ALT F10] 4.1 Convert Values 4.2 Customised Conversions 4.3 Convert Temperatures 4.4 Convert Base of a number 5.1 Default unit type 5.2 Default Currency 5.3 Default Conversions 6.1 About 2Convert 6.2 Order 2Convert 6.3 Register 2Convert 7.1 Unit type selection menu 7.2 Unit selection menu 1.1 Welcome to 2Convert Please Read all these help pages! Go Software are members of the Association of Shareware Professionals 2Convert is a shareware program designed to allow conversion between any two units. Conversion of currencies, standard measurement units (eg metres, Pounds / Square foot), any combination of basic units, and bases of numbers can be achieved. After selection of the units to be converted, a calculation screen is entered for converting values, showing the convertion factor, and two calculation boxes, one for conversions and one for storage of results. The program also allows dimensional analysis. Key Conversion units may have the following codes displayed next to them. ■ SI units, where they can be identified, are marked with a ■ character. √ Many common units (eg Ounces), come in a number of different forms (eg avdp or apoth Ounces). If you are unsure which type of unit to choose, and do not require complete accuracy, we suggest you choose the units marked with the √ character. {} Curly brackets {} are used to enclose the symbols for various units. Getting started. Before starting to use the software, we advise that you take a few minutes to configure the software so as to make future use of the product as quick and simple as possible. There are a number of options on the defaults menu which we recommend you configure : Default unit type This defines the startup position for the menu cursor for selecting a type of unit. Set this to the type of unit conversion you expect to use most often. Local currency This should be set to your local currency to ensure future accuracy of conversions. Revise exchange rates This option is used to establish current exchange rates between your local currency and other currencies around the world. It is likely that the default exchange rates established on the compilation of this program will be considerably out of date by the time you read this, and therefore you should update them as soon as possible. Any major quality financial newspaper ought to carry most of the exchange rates available in the program. You need not update all of the exchange rates if you have insufficient information. Set Default Conversions This allows you to establish the default conversions for each unit type (ie whether the standard conversion for Length will be Metres to Feet, or Miles to inches). Use of this option may significantly reduce the time it takes to carry out conversions in future. 1.2 Registration Gives You .. Registering of the software entitles you to the following benefits : ■ The latest version of 2Convert, which should free you from any risk of conversion factor errors, as well as including an expanded library of conversion factors. The registration screen can also be removed upon registration. ■ An easy to read, printed manual for the software. ■ Multiple User manuals with multi-user licences. ■ The option of inclusion of other conversion factors which you find useful, but which have been omitted from the program. ■ Help in other languages other than English may be available. ■ Access to telephone support for the product. ■ A shareware copy of two other Go Software products, AutoMan, Automatic Network Management, and AMS, Novell Menu System Compatible Menu System. Both products are discussed under options in the help menu. ■ To encourage you to register, and to register early, we have arranged some special purchases to give away with the software. These offers are open to you WHICHEVER COUNTRY YOU LIVE IN. We have Three button Microsoft Compatible mice, CD boxed sets of music of Mozart, containing 10 digitally recorded CD's, and 3 CD boxed sets also of Music of Mozart. That's the choice, here's what you get ... Until the 31st November 1992 Single User Licences 3 CD Boxed Set 25 User Licences 10 CD Boxed Set 50 User Licences 10 CD Boxed Set + 1 Mouse 100 User Licences 10 CD Boxed Set + 2 Mice 100 User + Licences 10 CD Boxed Set + 3 Mice 1st December 1992 until the 30th May 1993 25 User Licences 3 CD Boxed Set 50 User Licences 10 CD Boxed Set 100 User Licences 10 CD Boxed Set + 1 Mouse 100 User + Licences 10 CD Boxed Set + 2 Mice After the 1st June 1993 50 User Licences 3 CD Boxed Set 100 User Licences 10 CD Boxed Set 100 User + Licences 10 CD Boxed Set + 1 Mouse Orders must be received prior to the above dates to qualify for the complementary gifts. If you have been passed the program by another person who has Ordered a copy of the software IN THE LAST THREE MONTHS, you are entitled to the full Complementary pack for your licence (ie, the complementary goods available until the 31st November 1992). To obtain them, simply add the users name and Company name to the comments section of the order form. If you've missed a deadline date, and would still like a chance of getting the complementary gifts, obtain an up to date copy of the software from one of the distributors listed in AMS - Novell Compatible Menu System, and you may find it has an extended offer period. If you're near to a deadline date, and won't be able to order the software in time, fax us, and we will grant you a one month extension. If you decide you really would not like the 3 CD boxed set of compact disks and would prefer a three button mouse instead, we will supply this if you request it in the comments section of the order form. Go Software Fax:44-61-248-9617 CompuServe:100024,2337 1.3 A note about Shareware Shareware is a distribution method, not a type of software. You should find software that suits your needs and purse, whether it's commercial or Shareware. The Shareware system makes fitting your needs easier, because you can try before you buy. Also, because overheads are low, prices are low. Shareware has the ultimate money-back guarantee - if you don't use the product, you don't pay for it. As with commercial software, the user must still purchase the software if the user wishes to use it, however, with shareware you are first able to confirm that the software is useful and works. (You will realise the advantage of this if you have purchased any commercial software and subsequently found it to be riddled with bugs). Shareware has the ultimate "Try before you buy" test. You have an extended period of time in which you can trial the software and therefore be absolutely certain that the software is suitable for the task you apply it to. The same Copyright laws apply to both Shareware and commercial software, and the copyright holder retains all rights, with a few specific exceptions as stated below. Shareware authors are accomplished programmers, just like commercial authors, and the programs are of comparable quality. (In both cases, there are good programs and bad ones!). The main difference is in the method of distribution As mentioned on the registration screen, this is the first release of this program and, while all factors have been checked in the limited release version, it is still possible that a few errors may have crept in to conversion factors. By the time you're reading this, someone else will probably already have found them, and be using the corrected version. If you are using the software for business transactions, and you use an incorrect factor, it may be too late before you realise! You can buy a large "Piece of mind" for only £15 (US$ 25) for a single user version, and from £35 for a multi-user version, and we can't see your company complaining about such a small expense! What's more we throw in free CD's & mice! Pay an extra £18 (US$ 30) and we'll send you the next three updates. What a bargain! Don't wait, you wouldn't want your order to get lost in the post, and miss out on the free offers. Use the order option today! We look forward to hearing from you. To order the software, use the Order 2Convert menu option. Multi-user licences are available for companies with many PC's. If there is any chance that the software could be used on more than one machine at once, you need to purchase a multi-user licence. Why bother breaking the law for £20? Order the correct licence to suit the number of users in your company. 1.4 A note about use after Licence Expiry You are granted a 30 day trial licence to use this software. After expiry of this period the program will inform you that the evaluation period has ended, and your licence for use is then withdrawn. Further use of the software, until an order for the software has been raised and forwarded to Go Software, is illegal. For those people who wish to avoid paying for as much software as possible (be it that which is distributed as Shareware or as Commercial software), here's a little bit extra.... We've spent a few years developing this and other software, and can assure you that we would have earned far more by working down the local Sweet shop than the income we receive from registrations. Why is this? Probably because people don't realise what they're doing. Let's draw an analogy. Mr Sweet Shop owner is a bit deaf and blind, but not stupid. He's got lots of sweets at the front of his counter, and knows that because his stocks go down so quickly, he's not selling all of them. Yes, somebody's stealing them. They are stealing them because they are taking the sweets and "Using" them, without paying for them. He doesn't know who is, all he knows is that out of his shop there are thousands of children, some of whom are going to pay only by getting bad teeth. What would happen if the parents of these children found out that they were stealing sweets? More than likely, (though this depends of course on how they think children should be disciplined), they would get a sore bottom. The analogy is here. We know people are using our software after the trial period. They are stealing because they are taking the software and using it after the trial period, without paying for it. They know it's wrong to use it. We can't find out who they are. We also can't understand why people will steal software when they know it's morally wrong to steal, and when they don't steal anything else. Can you? Anyway, we must stop lecturing. Even despite the moral argument, some people will still falter. This is why we've arranged the special purchases to give away with the software. We are giving away so much stuff that you can't fail to get good value for money when you register, and, at the end of the day when your Director questions you on why you've just started a new policy of buying all the software you use, you can answer, "Because it's the law" (and because then he won't get prosecuted). So come on, get that Order Option pressed, and look forward to going legal, and getting free CD's and Mice. Time to start a new policy ... If you don't, a lot of our friends and relatives will be getting CD's for Christmas.... 1.5 A note about Go Software Go software provide quality services in two areas : ■ Software solutions and programming Go software both write programs for the general market, and bespoke software for individual clients. We concentrate on software for the networking market. All our staff have more than ten years programing experience. ■ Network consultancy and installation We've been installing and configuring networks since 1986, and have gained extensive knowledge of all categories of Novell's networking software (Netware Lite, ELS, Netware 286 & 386). Our emphasis is on a complete, quality service. We hope you have found this apparent in our software. We ensure that we leave installations completely secure, with reliable backup systems established, off-site data storage, and disaster recovery arrangements, so that if the network grinds to a halt, it doesn't take the company with it. So, if you need to move into networking, or are having trouble with an existing installation, and are within approximately 100 miles of Manchester, England, please fax us for a quote. We are sure you would receive the best service possible, at a very competitive price. Go Software York House Cross Road Heald Green Cheadle Cheshire England SK8 3LW Fax 061-248-9617 CompuServe 100024,2337 1.6 Go Software - ASP Members This program is produced by a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 or send a CompuServe message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536. 1.7 Disclaimer & Usage Agreement Users of 2Convert must accept this disclaimer of warranty: 2Convert is supplied as is. The author disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any purpose. The author assumes no liability for damages, direct or consequential, which may result from the use of 2Convert. 2Convert is a "Shareware Program" and is provided at no charge to the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with your friends, but please do not give it away altered or as part of another system. The essence of Shareware software is to provide personal computer users with quality software without high prices, and yet to provide incentive for programmers to continue to develop new products. If you find this program useful and find that you are using 2Convert and continue to use 2Convert after a one month trial period, you must make a registration payment to Go Software. The Single User registration fee will license one copy for use on any one computer at any one time. Multi-User Licences are available, and can be selected using the Order 2Convert option in the 2Convert Menu. This option will supply prices in whichever currency you wish to pay. After the evaluation period, if you wish to continue to use the software, you must treat this software just like a book. An example is that this software may be used by any number of people and may be freely moved from one computer location to another, so long as there is no possibility of it being used at one location while it's being used at another, just as a book cannot be read by two different persons at the same time. Multi-user Licences are analogous to many books! Commercial users of 2Convert must register and pay for their copies of 2Convert within 30 days of first use or their license is withdrawn. Anyone distributing 2Convert for any kind of remuneration must first contact Go Software at the address below for authorisation. This authorisation will be automatically granted to distributors recognised by the (ASP) as adhering to its guidelines for shareware distributors, and such distributors may begin offering 2Convert immediately (However Go Software must still be advised so that the distributor can be kept up-to-date with the latest version of 2Convert). 1.8 2Convert - A Shareware Product The trial period for 2Convert is one month, ie, one month after you first use the software you are bound to pay the registration fee if you wish to continue using it. Purely Non-Business users are exempt from registering the software, however, as way of payment, we request that should you find the software useful, you pass a copy to three other people, companies or bulletin boards. We would of course prefer you to register, and to encourage you we've offered a complementary boxed set of classical CD's, so the software costs little more than the value of the CDs. Remember that if you do register the software, you will receive the latest version, and the complementary CDs - the attractive presentation makes them useful for a present if you don't have a CD player! Not only do you win by knowing the software works before you purchase it, you also win because Shareware distribution is a far less expensive way to market software than via standard commercial methods, and therefore the savings in overheads are passed on to you with the reduced price. The fact that the software may be cheaper than commercially marketed software, and freely available, in no way alters the fact that you are breaking the law if you continue to use the software after the expiry of the trial period. We look forward to hearing from you. To order the software, use the Order 2Convert menu option. You are encouraged to pass a copy of 2Convert along to your friends for evaluation. Please encourage them to register their copy if they find that they can use it. All registered users will receive a copy of the latest version of the 2Convert system and Manual, and complementary CD's. For more information on advantages of registration please see the section entitled "Registration Gives You". 1.9 AMS - Novell Compatible Menu System Advanced Menu System AMS is produced by Go Software. It is a plug-in-and-play Novell Menu System compatible Menu System. AMS Costs from £35 for a single user licence, and from £50 for a multi-user licence. It features the following: ■ Utilities Menu On ALT [Also On F10] This Provides access to a large range of powerful features. The best way to find out what they are is to press ALT, and flick through the menu options. ■ Zero Memory Overhead During Program Operation ■ Multiple Menu Files In Memory Concurrently Designed to allow for creation of Local Fixed drive menus, User menus, workgroup menus and menus for Everyone. ■ Easy Menu Configuration No need to load a text editor to create menus, simply press INS to insert on option, DEL to delete one or F3 to edit one. Press Shift-INS to insert a new sub menu and Shift-F3 to edit the menus attributes (Position and colour). ■ Menu Option Editor And Debugger Menu Options can be debugged using the editors in-built debugging features, such as line by line execution and breakpoints. These allow you to check the menu options as you write them. Also included is context sensitive help on every DOS (TM Microsoft Inc) command you can think of. ■ Screen Saver And Menu Password Security While your machine lies idle a screen saver comes in to play, and unauthorised access can then be prevented by using the Re-entrant Menu Password Security Feature, on Ctrl-F3. ■ Automatic Checking of Drive Space Available On Loading The System can be configured to automatically check drive space when you load the menu program. ■ Desk Utilities The program has an in-built Calculator, Notepad and Calendar. ■ Debug Mode For Running Menu Options Redirect menu option output to the screen while developing menu options to ensure the correct menu format has been used. ■ Automatic Menu Configuration Using Scan Drive For Applications, any program or batch files, on any drive can be automatically added to menus. ■ Password Protection The program allows enhanced security via menu password protection. ■ Temporary files stored in a single directory ■ Mouse Support for two and three button mice. ■ Interactive User Input Users can be prompted for input prior to the processing of a menu option, the result of which can then be used as output. For Novell Users, the program also has the following features: In addition to the following features of AMS you will also find Menus already configured for use with Netware Lite, 286 and 386. Although these are ready for use, you may wish to taylor them further for your own use. ■ UserPath, a standalone utility program, used in conjunction with AMS, allows individual login scripts to be created for each user on a Netware Lite network. ■ Network Commands Frontends Use the easy to configure frontends to allow quick, sure, configuration of Capture, NDir and Send (Not Netware Lite). ■ Sorting of Menu Options With AMS, Menu options are sorted into Alpha-Numerical order prior to saving menus. This allows you to quickly find menu options when editing menu files with a text editor [Though it is likely that you will normally have no need to use anything but the in-built text editor]. Availability AMS is available as a shareware product. If you are unable to obtain a copy of the software through your local distributor, please contact one of the following distributors. United Kingdom Softville Computer Supplies Birmingham Int. Shareware 35 Market Parade 31 Bertram Road Havant Smethwick Hampshire Warley PO9 1PY West Midlands England England [ASP Member] B67 7NY Tel : 44 - (0) - 705 - 498199 Tel : 44 - (0) -21-555-6335 Fax : 44 - (0) - Fax : 44 - (0) -21-558-8958 Compuserve : 100016,603 United States Public Brand Software Hytech Inc 3750 Kentucky Ave PO Box 805 Indianapolis Dearborn IN 46241 MI 4821 USA USA Tel : 1 - 317 - 856 - 2091 BBS : 1 - 317 - 856 - 2087 ASP Member ASP Member Australia SME 666 Whitehorse Road Mitcham Victoria 3132 Australia 1.10 AutoMan Automatic Network Management. From Go Software AutoMan is designed to remove the everyday headaches from network operation. Automatic file processing, at any time, on any day enables all routine tasks (Transaction file cleardowns, Report generation, Virus detection) to be carried out automatically. The system monitors disk space, and critical data recording PC's, alerting supervisors and users of potential problems. See below for a more detailed description of features. Price : Sterling £59, US Dollar $99. Other Currencies accepted by arrangement. Availability AutoMan is available as a shareware product. If you are unable to obtain a copy of the software through your local distributor, please contact one of the following distributors. United Kingdom SoftVille Computer Supplies Birmingham Int. Shareware 35 Market Parade 31 Bertram Road Havant Smethwick Hampshire Warley PO9 1PY West Midlands England England [ASP Member] B67 7NY Tel : 44 - (0) - 705 - 498199 Tel : 44 - (0) -21-555-6335 Fax : 44 - (0) - Fax : 44 - (0) -21-558-8958 Compuserve : 100016,603 United States Public Brand Software Hytech Inc 3750 Kentucky Ave PO Box 805 Indianapolis Dearborn IN 46241 MI 4821 USA USA Tel : 1 - 317 - 856 - 2091 BBS : 1 - 317 - 856 - 2087 ASP Member ASP Member Australia SME 666 Whitehorse Road Mitcham Victoria 3132 Australia AutoMan ... in more detail. 1] Automatic file processing AutoMan will automatically process any batch, executable or command file, at any time, on any day or days throughout the year. Configuration is done by inserting up to 250 "Parameters". Each time a parameter is processed, a record is placed in the Transaction Log file, the program unloads itself, the batch file or program is run, and the program then re-loads itself, ensuring the system does not restrict the memory available to run programs. A Command string, which may contain the current day, date and time, can be passed to any batch file or program. Various utility programs allow simulation of keyboard input. 2] Disk space monitoring AutoMan will monitor space on all drives and warn if any disk is filling. 3] Monitoring of critical data recording activity AutoMan can warn if a critical data recording PC on the network has failed. Applications may be for example, to monitor a Shopfloor data collection or Telephone logging PC. 4] Integral Batch file editor / De-bugger The AutoMan editor is designed for editing batch files. Standard pull down menu options make use of the editor straight forward. Useful features, (also included in AMS), include: ■ Execute statements individually (F8) ■ Execute batch files from start to finish ■ Unlimited breakpoints ■ View structure of batch file (Call & if statements etc) ■ View the current "DOS" screen at any time (F4) ■ Jump into a DOS shell (Shift F4) 5] Context sensitive & DOS help On-line, Context sensitive help is available on F1 for every DOS command, together with comprehensive help on all aspects of AutoMan. (As in AMS). 6] Other features A customised menu of programs can be created allowing easy access to programs which may relate to AutoMan, or to a preferred editor. 2.1 A note about accuracy. Most conversion factors have been entered to eight significant digits. Some have been entered to sixteen. Generally, however, there are no exact conversions between some of the older imperial units. Therefore care should be taken when reporting conversion factors between certain units. Frequently used imperial units such as Feet and Pounds obviously have accurate conversion factors, older imperial units may not be defined so accurately. Remember that all conversions between imperial and metric units can NEVER be exact, as they need an infinite number of figures to provide an exact conversion. Errors are also increased as conversion factors for different units are multiplied together. Don't be scared off though! You would find it difficult to create a conversion factor which was more than 0.01% out ! 2.2 Expression evaluation The Conversion Screen offers both an entry box for evaluation of figures and multiplication by conversion factors, and a "Store" entry box to help evaluate the results of several successive calculations. The two Entry boxes are not merely boxes to enter numbers into. They are full "Calculators", supporting parenthesis () and many Math and Trig functions (Listed below). When return is pressed the expressions will be fully evaluated. Input String Box Enter in this box the number (or expression) to be converted. Once return is pressed, the expression is evaluated, and the result before conversion displayed after Input String:. The result is also multiplied by the Conversion factor and displayed in the "Result of Conversion" window. The "Store" box then becomes active. Store Box If you wish to perform a number of successive calculations which relate to each other, you can use the "Store" box to keep results of conversions during successive calculations. Once all calculations are complete, the result of the sum (or multiplication etc..) of the individual calculations can be evaluated. The figure after "Expression Evaluation :" is the result of the evaluation of the store box. Pressing return makes the Input String Box active again. Use ALT-C to clear the currently active storage box. In addition to support for parenthesis (), the following operations are also supported by the evaluator : Constants : PI 3.142 etc e 2.718 etc Scientific notation : E+n [ie 1.5E+3] E-n [ie 5E-29] Math Operations (In order of evaluation) : ! Factorial ^ Exponential * Multiplication / Division \ Integer division + Addition - Subtraction (Or negative of number) Trigonometric and other functions ABS Absolute value AND Logical AND ARCCOS Arc Cosine ARCCOSH Arc Hyperbolic Cosine ARCCOT Arc Cotangent ARCCSC Arc Cosecant ARCCSCH Arc Hyperbolic Cosecant ARCTANH Arc Hyperbolic Tangent ARCSEC Arc Secant ARCSECH Arc Hyperbolic Secant ARCSIN Arc Sine ARCSINH Arc Hyperbolic Sine CLG Common Log (Base 10) COS Cosine COT Cotangent COTH Hyperbolic Cotangent CSC Cosecant CSCH Hyperbolic Cosecant LOG Natural Log (Base e) NOT Logical NOT OR Logical OR SINH Hyperbolic Sine SECH Hyperbolic Secant SEC Secant SIN Sin SQR Square Root TAN Tangent TANH Hyperbolic Tangent 2.3 File information All 2Convert files must be kept in the same directory. To enable easy loading, this can be a directory with a search mapping to it. Please see your DOS manual for information on setting up search paths, using the PATH command. If you have a copy of AutoMan, or AMS, help with this command, as with all other commands, is available via the help menu. 2CONVERT.EXE is the main executable program. 2CONVERT.PRM contains all conversion rates. This file is encrypted to prevent anyone entering incorrect conversion rates. IT MUST NOT BE ALTERED! 2CONVERT.HLP is the help file. 2CONVERT.USR contains the user definable parameters, and exchange rate revisions. 2CONVERT.LST is the manual file. README.2CV if it exists, contains important information on 2Convert - Please Read it. 2CONVERT.REG Will appear when you have registered the software and entered the correct key. 2CONVERT.INS Will appear when the software is first run on your system. It keeps track of the initial usage date of the software. 2.4 Future Developments Currency conversion is a difficult thing to cope with in a way. Generally all exchange rates come with a Buy and a Sell price. Most convertors however may only use one or the other. It is also a lot of work for you to update two lists of Exchange rates. This version therefore is released with a single Currency conversion option. We would however appreciate some feedback as to whether you consider a Currency Buy and Currency Sell option vital. Answers please .... 2.5 Mathematical conventions Some conversion factors may appear with one of the following formats: 1] 1.2345 D+12 2] 1.2345 D-09 These indicate that the number is either very large or very small. D+ a number, means multiply by 10 raised to the power of that number, so for example 1], this would mean, 1.2345 * 1,000,000,000,000 ie 12,345,000,000,000,000 D- a number, means divide by 10 raised to the power of that number, so for example 2], that would mean, 1.2345 / 1,000,000,000 ie .0000000012345 2.6 Powers of Units Units are frequently preceded by a prefix to indicate multiplication of the unit by a factor of ten. This allows for a reduction in the number of characters needed to express a number. For example, a millimetre, symbol mm, is one metre to the power of 10^-3. ie 1 mm = 1 x 10 ^-3 m = (1/1000) metres The notation for "Powers of Ten" varies, and may also be in one of the following forms : D-03 [The form used in this program] E-03 [The form which you should use in the expression evaluator] Therefore a number expressed as 1.23456D-03 is equal to 0.00123456 Other prefix's and symbols are as follows : Prefix Symbol Power of 10 Unit Multiplication Factor exa E 18 [ie 10 ^18 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000] peta P 15 tera T 12 giga G 9 mega M 6 kilo k 3 hecto h 2 deca da 1 [ie 10 ^1 = 10] deci d -1 centi c -2 milli m -3 micro µ -6 [ie 10 ^-6 = 1/(1,000,000)] nano n -9 pico p -12 femto f -15 atto a -18 2.7 Standard Units The most commonly adopted form of units is now the International System of units (SI). The next most common form is the Metric system. SI & Metric Units Metric System Quantity Symb Name Relations Amount of Substance mol mole Basic Unit Electric Current A ampere Basic Unit Electric Charge C coulomb A.s Electric Capacitance F farad A.s/V Electric Conductance S siemens 1/Ω Electric Inductance H henry V.s/A Electrical Resistance Ω ohm V/A Force N newton kg.m/s^2 kg-force{kgf} Frequency Hz hertz 1/s Illumination lx lux lm/m^2 Length m metre Basic Unit metre Luminous Flux lm lumen cd.sr Luminous Intensity cd candela Basic Unit Magnetic Flux Wb weber V.s Magnetic Flux Density T tesla Wb/m^2 Mass kg kilogram Basic Unit kg-mass{kgm} Plane Angle rad radian Supplementary degree {deg} Power W watt J/s horsepower{hp} Pressure, Stress Pa Pascal N/m^2 Solid Angle sr steradian Supplementary Time s second Basic Unit second Temperature degree K kelvin Basic Unit deg celsius {°C} Voltage, EMF V volt W/A Work,Energy J Joule N.m calorie {cal} 3.1 Convert Figures Menu This Option takes you in to a sub menu from where you can choose to carry out one of the following Standard Convertions Customised Convertions Temperature Convertions Base Convertions If this is your first inquiry into the help screens, and you wish to know some basic information on using 2Convert, press the TAB key, and select "Welcome to 2Convert." & "Getting Started" 3.2 Dimentional Analysis This option allows you to evaluate whether a number of different units can be arranged in such a way as to form a dimentionless unit (DU). If you do not understand what a DU is, you are unlikely to need to use this option. DUs are often used by engineers, especially in fluids, in order to establish a standard ratio in which to compare a standard set of variables. If you need form a dimentionless unit, but still don't understand what they are, then I'm afraid this help page won't help you. A trip to the library might, look in a fluid dynamics book [To plug an old lecturers book (Though I only enjoyed one of his lectures so quite why I should I don't know, anyway...) try Mechanics of Fluids by B.S. Massey, Publishers, Van Nostrand Reinhold (Uk) ISBN 0 442 30552]. The Dimentionless Analysis screen consists of four windows, as follows: The first contains a list of Unit types from which you select the units which you wish to work with. The program knows the dimensional formulae for these Units (ie Density is Mass/(Length^3)), which it uses to evaluate which DUs (if any) can be formed. The second shows which selections have been made. Once all required selections have been made, press the TAB key to start calculating possible DUs. When a DU is found the Units for the Numerator and denominator are displayed in the third and fourth windows. Note that as the units are dimentionless, there is no reason why the inverse of the result should not be used (ie the Numerator become the denominator and Vice Versa). Press F7 to print a copy of the result to LPT1. Press the TAB key to continue searching. If no units are found a brief message will appear before the program returns you to the Select Units menu. 3.3 Revise Exchange Rates This option allows all the Exchange rates available in the program to be updated. After each Currency has been selected and updated, the menu cursor automatically moves to the following Currency in order to make updating easier. You would be well advised to update exchange rates at least once per week if you intend to carry out frequent currency conversions. In order to help you to remember to revise the rates frequently, another program produced by Go Software, AutoMan, could help you by automatically reminding you to update the software, or automatically loading the software, at a set time each day, week or month. See AutoMan Information, in the help menu, for further information on this product. The standard rates which appear before any Exchange rates have been revised were compiled in January 1992 (Version 1 of 2Convert). 3.4 Set Defaults Menu This Option allows you to set a number of defaults which are either necessary for the correct operation of 2Convert, or will make it's operation much easier. The Options you have in this sub-menu are, ■ Unit Type - Allows you to set a default Unit Type for Convertions ■ Currency - Sets Local Currency ■ Convertions - Allows setting of default convertions for each unit type 3.5 2Convert Information Menu This leads to options supplying more information on 2Convert. The Options available are, ■ About 2Convert - Basic Information and Address of Go Software ■ Order 2Convert - Allows easy ordering of the Program ■ Register 2Convert - Allows removal of delayed registration screen 3.6 Calculator [Ctrl-C] This pop-up calculator, available in the program via the Ctrl-C Key, supports calculations up to 100,000,000,000, to an accuracy of 2 decimal places. It is not intended for scientific use, but merely as an easily available utility for working with basic numbers. Use the calculation boxes in the calculation screen available via the "Convert Values" Menu option for a full functioned scientific calculator. To use the calculator, Enter your first number, Press the required operand (+ - * /) Enter your next number Press the required operand ...... Only when all calculations are complete should you press return. Press ESC to exit the calculator. 3.7 Help menu [F1] This option takes you directly into the help menu. The help facility is context sensitive so that all areas of the program will supply relevant help when the F1 key is pressed. However all help pages can also be accessed via this help menu, and a number of help pages are only accessible through the help menu. Press ESC to exit help, TAB to move to the help menu when any help page is displayed. Use Pg Up & Down to view different help pages. 3.8 Exit program [Esc] [ALT F10] This option exits the program, after a confirmation. Esc & ALT F10 have the same effect. 4.1 Convert Values Choose this option to convert any figures between different standard units. To convert figures you must first select the Type of Units which you wish to use (Eg, Length for metres conversions). Then you must select the names of the units which you wish to convert from and to. 4.2 Customised Conversions This allows you to build up your own Numerators and Denominators to allow conversion between virtually any compound units. Although many basic units have been entered into the program (Metres, Grams, Seconds etc), the number of compound units (Metres/Second, Kg/ Sq. Metre) is limited. This option allows you to form any compound unit of conversion from the basic units already in the program. For example, suppose you wanted to convert an old measure of acceleration, Yards/s/s, to a metric equivalent, Kilometres/s/s. Neither of these units are contained as standards in the program, and you must therefore use this option to convert them. When you first select the option, the program requests you to select the units for the "Convert From" Numerator. In our case, we are "Converting From" Yards/s/s, so the Convert From numerator (The top of the equation) will be yards. Yards are a unit of length, so we must select the type LENGTH. Next select the unit for the numerator - in this example, yards. You can then select further units to add to the numerator. In our case there is only yards to add to the numerator so we can proceed to adding units to the denominator. Press TAB to move to add units to the denominator. You must now select Unit Types for the denominator. For the example, we must select Time Units. Then select seconds. This inserts a single SECONDS unit into the denominator. We need two SECONDS units on the denominator so we must again select TIME and SECONDS units. We now have Yards / SECONDS SECONDS as "Convert From" units, and are therefore ready to select the "Convert To" units. Press TAB to start selecting "Convert To" units. The box showing "Convert From" units moves to the left of the screen, and you are prompted to select the equivalent "Convert To" units. Working from the top of the "Convert From" units down, select the equivalent units for the "Convert To" unit conversion. In our example, we need to convert from Yards to Kilometres, so we must first select Kilometres. The next two selections are the same as for the "Convert From" denominator, ie, seconds. Once you have confirmed that the selected units are correct, press a key to move to the calculations window. The conversion factor is shown in the top right-hand box. For further help on the use of the expression evaluator, please see the Help section headed, Expression Evaluation. Press ESC to backtrack to the main menu. 4.3 Convert Temperatures This allows conversion between the three common units of temperature, Centigrade, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Select the type of unit which you wish to convert from, then enter the temperature which you want to convert. The equivalent in the other two units is then displayed in a window. Press any key to return to the "Convert Temperatures" menu, and ESC to return to the main menu. 4.4 Convert Base of a number This option allows you to convert almost any number between any two bases in the range Base 2 (Binary) to Base 36. Firstly, select the base which you wish to convert a number from. Base selection is made using the cursor up and down keys. In many cases no modification need be made as numbers will be converted from decimal (The default selection). Enter the number in the specified base. If a number is invalid (eg, if a 6 has been typed when the Convertor is set to base 5), the system will reject the number and force re-entry. Numbers in bases higher than 10 use capital letters A to Z to define the numbers 10 to 35 (ie A is equivalent to 10, Z to 35). Only integer numbers can be converted. Use the cursor up and down keys to view the equivalent of that number in any base from 2 to 36. If you wish to make another conversion, use ALT-C to clear the line of text. Press ESC to return to the main menu. 5.1 Default unit type This sets the default position for the menu cursor when option one, Convert values is selected. Perhaps the main type of conversion you will make will be between different currencies. Selecting this as the Default Unit Type will ensure the menu cursor is already positioned on Currency conversions when Convert values is chosen. 5.2 Default Currency This program is more than likely going to be used in more than one country! Generally, you will have access to more Currency Exchange rates from your own local currency than from any other. This option ought to be set to your local currency when you first start to use the program. The standard exchange rates which were entered at the time of compilation (Version 1 was compiled in January 1992), are then converted to approximate exchange rates corresponding to this currency. Naturally exchange rates vary daily, therefore if an accurate exchange rate conversion facility is required, you should ensure that the exchanges rates are updated as frequently as you consider necessary, using the Revise Exchange Rates menu option. In order to help you to remember to revise the rates daily, another program produced by Go Software, AutoMan, could help you by automatically reminding you to update the software, or automatically loading the software, at a set time each day, week or month. See AutoMan Information, in the help menu, for further information on this product. 5.3 Default Conversions This option allows you to set the default conversions that will appear when converting between different units, for each unit type. Generally, most conversions will be made between the same two sets of units, for Length these may be perhaps Feet to Metres. This option allows the default Length conversion to be set as between Feet and Metres. When Length conversions are then selected, the "Convert From" cursor will automatically rest on Feet, and the "Convert to" cursor on Metres. Investing a small amount of time when you first start using the program to set all Unit default conversions, is likely to save you considerable time over the following years! 6.1 About 2Convert This displays information about 2Convert, and Go Software, including our address and fax number. 6.2 Order 2Convert This prints an order form and invoice for 2Convert to make ordering of the software as easy as possible for you. Ensure LPT1 is available when using this option. A number of selections need to be made before the forms are printed. ■ Currency Select the Currency which you wish to raise the cheque in. If you select any other currency than Sterling, you must answer whether your cheque can be made payable to an individual. This is to allow us to avoid a charge when paying in a cheque into our account. If your cheque must be made payable to a company, a surcharge is added to the Order. ■ UK Companies Only Please enter the current VAT rate. ■ Order Number Enter an order number if known, for reference purposes. ■ UK Companies Only. If a cheque is not sent with the order for the program, an official order or order number must be forwarded. ■ Companies Based Outside UK A CHEQUE MUST BE SENT WITH YOUR ORDER ! ■ Free Updates If you would like to order additional updates at the time of purchase, please select the required option. Free updates will be despatched as and when new versions of the program become available. ■ Licence Type Please select the type of licence which you require. Licences are all for a single site only. If you wish to purchase licences for multiple sites you must increase the "Quantity of Licences" in the following question. If the software may be used by more than one person at any one time then a multi-user licence must be purchased. ■ Preferred format for distribution disks Select the disk size and highest acceptable format for the distribution disks. ■ Number of 2Convert packages to Purchase Enter the number of the previous type of licence which you wish to purchase. ■ Mail Delivery Type Select the type of delivery which you require. Special Mail Delivery Please obtain a quote for any special mail delivery prior to completing this application. ■ Preferred language for help Other languages for the help file MAY be available. Select the language which you would prefer the help to be in. ■ Other Units & Rates If you know of any other units and rates which you would like adding to the program, please enter them using this option. (Up to three can be specified). ■ Company information Please complete all relevant fields with your company information. Once all information has been entered, press ESC to continue the Order Process. ■ Delivery Address Please enter the delivery address if different from that specified in Company information. Once all information has been entered, press ESC to continue the Order Process. ■ Any Comments If you have any comments (or complaints!) about the software, or would like to see any other features in the software, please enter them here. 6.3 Register 2Convert This option allows you to remove the Delayed Registration Screen once you have purchased the Software. Removal of the screen is done by supplying the program with a "Key" number. Once you have purchased the program, select this option, then answer No to the question "Have you obtained a key ....". Select Yes to print the Key Request Form to your local LPT1 port. Answer all the questions with appropriate answers for your Company. If you do not have a fax number your key will be returned by post. Please return the form by Fax (Preferably) or Mail to Go Software. We will then return your key number. Once you have the Key Number, select this option again, answering Yes to "Have you obtained a key..." and enter the key number. If the correct key number is entered the key will be saved to disk and the registration screen will then only appear while the 2Convert data files are loading. 7.1 Unit type selection menu This menu contains a list of unit types that can be converted. After selection of one of these unit types, two menus will be provided for the selection of the actual units required for conversion. You must select the correct Unit Type before you can proceed to selecting any unit. If you select an incorrect Unit Type, press ESC to return to the Unit Type Selection menu, and re-select the Unit Type. For example, to convert from Feet to Metres, you must select the Length Unit Type. 7.2 Unit selection menu This menu contains a list of units which can be selected for conversion. The same menu appears twice for conversions, firstly to select the units to convert from, and secondly to select the units to convert to. For example to convert from Feet to Metres, select Feet in the first window, and metres in the second. Once the selections have been made, the Convertion Entry Screen is displayed.